What Is a Markup Language? HTML is used to mark up the structure of Web pages, but other markup languages are used by computers on the Web and beyond. The Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) is the grandfather of most markup languages used for print and the Internet. SGML is the international standard used to define the structures and appearance of documents. Multiple SGMLs have been created for a variety of document types and for various specialties—such as physics, accounting, and chemistry. HTML and XHTML are the Web’s primary version of SGML.

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How does CSS work? When a visitor loads one of your Web pages, by either typing in the address or clicking a link, the server (the computer that stores the Web page) sends the HTML file to the visitor’s computer along with any files linked to or embedded in the HTML file. Regardless of where the CSS code is, the visitor’s browser will interpret it and apply it to the HTML to render the Web page using that browser’s particular rendering engine that is then displayed in the browser window.

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Setting the Table layout Different browsers use different methods to calculate how a particular table should be displayed. Two primary table-layout. Fixed method bases its layout on the width of the table and the width of columns in the first row

W3CSS THEME

W3CSS Theme + W3CSS Paragraphs == Professional Sites

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W3CSS THEME

W3CSS Theme + W3CSS Paragraphs == Professional Sites

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1. Add content to your HTML file. Using the HTML file you created in chapter 2, add text and image content. I tend to use Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, but anything will do. A great source for text is Project Guttenberg (www.gutenberg. org). 2. Markup your content. All styles require markup in the Web page to give them something to be applied to. Make sure to tag headers and paragraphs. 3. Add classes and IDs to your markup. Classes give you a “hook” to apply specific styles to specific elements. Don’t go overboard, though.

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CSS level 1 (CSS1) The W3C released the first official version of CSS in 1996. This early version included the core capabilities associated with CSS, such as the ability to format text, set fonts, and set margins. Netscape 4 and Internet Explorer 3 and 4 support Level 1. Web designers needed a way to position elements on the screen precisely. CSS1 was already released, and CSS Level 2 was still in the future, so the W3C released a stopgap solution: CSS-Positioning. This standard proposed that the parties concerned could debate for awhile before the CSS-P standard became official.

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At first glance, padding seems to have an effect identical to margins: It adds space around the element’s content. The difference is that padding sets the space between the border of the element and its content rather than between the element and the other elements in the window. Padding is useful when you’re using borders and background colors and don’t want the content butting right up to the edges. To set padding: 1. Start your declaration by typing the padding property name, followed by a colon (:) padding: 2. Type a value for the element’s padding.